people whose status positions are low must necessarily feel deprived, injured or ego-involved in that low status. Whether they will or not depends upon several considerations. Whom do we measure ourselves against is the crucial question” (Cohen 1955 p121).
In America, “children and adults sense of personal worth is at stake in status comparisons with all other persons, at least of one’s own age and sex. This means that in the lower levels of status hierarchies there is a chronic motivation to elevate one’s status position, either by striving to climb within the established status system or by redefining the criteria of status so that one’s present attributes become status giving assets” (Cohen 1955 p122).
As for Muslims living in these Western areas they have a sense of inferiority, in a globalized world they don’t value the Western culture, they